Ko mutane sun kusa fara fahimtar maganar dabbobi?

A shekara ta 2015, aka sanya gasar Coller Dolittle a karon farko, inda aka sanya kyaututtuka ga duk masanin kimiyyar da ya yi bincike kuma ya gano yadda za a yi magana da dabbobi.

Wata tawaga daga Amurka ce ta lashe gasar, bayan ta gano yadda fiton kifin Dolphin ya ke kama da kalmomin ƴan Adam.

Yin zance da dabbobi dai an fi karantawa a cikin littafai ko kuma a gani ciki fina-finai - to ko hakan zai fara yiwuwa a zahiri? Ta yaya ƙirƙirarriyar basira watau AI za ta taimaka mana?

Sabbin Sautuka

Tuni kimiyya ta bayyana yadda za a iya fahimtar abinda dabbobi ke cewa. Wata na'ura ta musamman zata iya taimaka mana wajen gano wani sauti da kunnen ɗan Adam ba ya iya ji-kamar wani sauti na musamman da jemage ke yi.

Yayin da kunnen ɗan Adam zai iya jin sauti mai karfin kilohat 20, akwai jemagun da za su iya sauti "mai ƙarfin kilohat 212," a cewar Kate Jones farfesar ilimin sauti a Jami'ar birnin Landan.

''Su na amfani da sauti kamar yadda dukkan halittu ke yi-wajen bayyanawa juna ɓacin rai ko tsoro ko kuma neman abokin jima'i'', kamar yadda ta shaida wa BBC.

Kimiyya ta kuma ɗauko ƙarar sautin da ya yiwa kunnen ƴan Adam ƙankanta su ji - kamar sautin giwa.

A tsakiyar shekara ta 1980, Katy Payne wata masaniyar kimiyya ta ziyarci gidan ajiye namun daji a Portland da ke Amurka, a nan ne ta gano wani yanayi a lokacin da ta ke kusa da wata giwa.

''Naga ɗabi'u da dama masu ban al'ajabi, sannu a hankali na fara jin tasirin wani yanayi yana kaɗawa cikin iska,'' kamar yadda ta shaidawa BBC a shekara ta 2013.

Da ta yi amfani da wata na'urar ɗaukar sauti sai ta fahimci wata giwa na fidda wasu sautuka. Binciken ya nuna hanyoyin da za a abi wajen gane abinda giwa ke cewa.

Masana na amfani da sakamakon binciken a Jami'ar Cornell da ke Amurka wajen haɗa shi da ƙirƙirarriyar basira.

Lokaci

Alastair Pickering, wani mai bincike ya yi aiki tare da wata Jami'a a Landon, ta hanyar amfani da sautin giwa wajen horas da ƙirƙirarriyar basira wato AI.

''Mun duba sautin mun kuma gano cewar: Kamar a wannan hoton, namijin giwa ne cikin damuwa', ƙirƙirarriyar basira ta gano fahimta a tsakanin waɗannan giwaye'', in ji shi.

Yayin da na'urar naɗar sauti ta gargajiya za ta ɗauki watanni kafin ta sarrafa sauti, za a iya amfani da na'urorin AI wajen tantance sautin giwa cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, a cewar Pickering.

Zai taimaka mana, misali wajen ayyana lokacin da ayarin giwaye zai iya shiga ƙauyuka da birane ya lalata amfanin gona.

''Nan gaba AI za ta iya gane yanayin da giwa ke ciki kamar damuwa ko sha'awa'' abin da zai taimaka wajen ganewa da wuri, kafin giwaye su kai farmaki.

Sai dai na'urorin ƙirƙirarriyar basira za su buƙaci taimakon ɗan Adam wajen bayar da cikakke kuma gamsasshen sakamako.

Pickering ya ce ''Idan ka ajiye waɗannan na'urori na musamman, za su naɗi kowanne sauti, har da sautin saukar ruwan sama''

Na'urorin ba za su iya gane sautin da ya fi muhimmanci ba.

''Don haka sai ka taimaka wajen samun sakamako mai kyau'' in ji shi.

Fassarar zancen dabbobi

Kamar yadda ake ƙoƙarin fahimta da ayyana ɗabi'un giwa, Jones ya ce za a iya amfani da ƙirƙirarriyar basira wajen gano jinsin jemagu daga irin sautin da suke fitarwa.

''Za ka koyar da ƙirƙirarriyar basira yadda za ta banbance sautin nasu.'' Kamar yadda ake koyar da ƙirƙirarriyar basira ta Siri ya gane muryarka. Haka muke koyar da waɗannan na'urori da fasaha yadda za su gano jinsin jemage.''

Akwai yiwuwar ƙirƙirarriyar basira za ta iya tantance jinsi a cikin halittu cikin maniyyin kifin Whales.

David Gruber farfesa ne a Jami'ar City University da ke birnin New York kuma shi ne ya kafa cibiyar fassara ta Cetacean Translation Initiative (Ceti).

Ya gano hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita wajen gane nau'in maniyyin kifin na Whales .

''Akwai sabbin fasahohi da zamu kawo don a fara aiki da su'', ya ƙara da cewar za a ga abin al'ajabi kuma za a fahimci yadda dabbobi ke magana.

Ya ƙara da cewa abinda muka sa a gaba yanzu shi ne ƙirƙirar wata na'ura da zata iya fassara kowanne irin harshe.

Fahimtar kifin 'dolphin'

Ko waɗannan na'urori za su iya taimaka mana wajen magana tsakanin mu da dabbobi wani abu ne mai zaman kan sa.

Gruber ya ce aikin gidauniyar fassara ta Ceti, ya wuce batun tantance maniyyin kifin Whales.

''Tuni mun fara magana da whales ta hanyar sautin kwale-kwalen mu,'' ''muna fidda sauti sosai a kokarin da muke na fassara muryoyinsu''.

Farfesa Vincent Janik daga Jami'ar St Andrews guda daga cikin tawagar waɗanda suka lashe gasar Coller Dolittle Challenge, ya yi gargaɗi game da kimiyyar da ta yi alƙawarin samar da hanyar magana da dabbobi.

Ya ƙalubalance mu game da abinda za mu ce ga dabbobi idan da za mu iya magana da su.

''Ku na so ku tambaye su wanne launi suka fi so?'' In ji shi. ''Ko zaku tambaye su yadda za su wakilci muhallinsu.''

Ya ce kar mu yi tunanin zamu fahimci kifin ''dolphin'' kamar yadda ake koyon harshen ƙasashen waje.

Akwai bambanci tsakanin dabboni da ƴan Adam, halittar mu ba iri ɗaya ba ce don haka ''zancensu ba irin namu ba ne,'' in ji shi.