BBC Afghan Languages

The past five years have not been just five years of my life. They have been five years during which many things that once seemed normal and natural have turned into sources of anxiety and concern for me.

I am a working woman. To someone looking at me from the outside, it may seem quite simple: “She works, goes to the office, and earns a salary.”

But behind these seemingly ordinary daily routines lies a world of fear, caution, and restrictions.

After the Taliban came to power, even going outside was no longer simple. Before leaving home, I have to think about many things: What to wear, how I will be perceived, whether any problems might arise, whether or not to wear a mask, and much more.

One of the most painful aspects of these years is that the restrictions have not remained confined to Taliban rules and official decrees. They have seeped into people’s minds and behaviour.

Out of fear, some family members and people around us have imposed even greater limitations on women’s lives. At times, I feel that the Taliban built one wall around us, but instead of helping to lower it, society and ordinary people have unintentionally built additional walls around us and made them even higher.

Haseeb Ammar
BBC Afghan

BBC Afghan has been speaking to the Taliban's foreign minister about education for girls in Afghanistan, and asked about a Unicef report stating that around 2.6 million girls in the country are now unable to attend school beyond Grade 6.

Amir Khan Muttaqi says "it is not correct to say everything is banned for women", adding that "right now, three million girls are going to schools and madrassas (religious centres focused on Islamic teachings)".

When asked how religious schools can produce doctors in the country, Muttaqi says: "I meant, women are not totally restricted on all walks of life. I meant only one small part [of their affairs] is restricted until further notice."

According to Muttaqi, Afghanistan had up to 30,000 women in business in 2020 and 2021 - which has since risen to 120,000 female entrepreneurs, he says.

"[Women] are teachers, and civil servants and entrepreneurs. There is not a total ban on women in all forms of engagement and activities," he adds.

Joe Coughlan
Live reporter

Women we have been speaking to in Afghanistan have been answering your questions about what life has been like for the past five years under Taliban rule.

Answering a question about how women's husbands, brothers or fathers may feel, Ela, a dental assistant from Kabul province, has said only a small percentage of men in Afghan families are concerned about the situation.

When asked how people around the world can help, she recommends speaking up for the right for Afghan women to work and be educated, adding: "We need solidarity, not silence."

On the topic of foreign aid, our Afghanistan correspondent Yogita Limaye says foreign aid to the country so far this year is nearly 70% lower than 2025.

And responding to a query onmaternity services, she says maternity wards are "crumbling" due to aid cuts.

Questions have also centred on barriers to education for women, with 20-year-old Lima saying she was told "it's a sin" for girls to study or improve themselves.

Noori, who works in a jam factory in Kabul, says accessing online learning is "very difficult" when replying to a question on learning through the internet.

If one door closes, other doors will open, and we can continue our education.

Whether online or in person, what matters is our goal and achieving it. We study, we work hard, and we achieve our dreams.

My goal is to become a doctor, and I know that one day I will achieve this goal. One day, everything will change, and all of us Afghan girls will achieve our dreams. But we must continue with patience, and we will not lose hope.

Because of the limitations, I cannot go to school, but I continue my studies online.

For now, I make jewels, and I work in jewellery making and painting. I also teach English to the other girls who I work with.

There are many limitations, and we cannot continue our education in person at schools but we should not give up; we must always keep going.

We are Afghan girls, and we are not going to give up.

Marzia has worked as a midwife for the past five years. The clinic where she works provides healthcare for around 51,000 people, but it does not have a specialist in obstetrics and gynaecology.

It was only three months ago.

She was a mother of six and around 45 years old. She came from a poor family and arrived at our clinic very late after travelling from a remote district which there were not any doctors or midwives.

We did everything we could, but both the baby and the mother were in critical condition. She fought for her life for two days and two nights, but in the end she died.

We managed to save the baby, but now I keep thinking about the baby's future and the future of her six other children. What will happen to them without their mother? What will happen to the whole family?

We were all heartbroken. For us, losing a patient is always the hardest part of our job. We become exhausted, both physically and emotionally.

Image source, EPA/Shutterstock

Afghanistan has one of the world's highest maternal mortality rates.

The country also faces a serious shortage of female health workers, especially midwives.

Despite this, the Taliban first closed secondary schools to girls, then universities, and later banned women from attending medical institutes that trained nurses, midwives and other health professionals.

International organisations have repeatedly warned that these restrictions could increase maternal deaths.

A report published by Afghanistan's Ministry of Public Health at the end of last year says the country's maternal mortality rate increased from 124 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2021 to 185 deaths in 2025.

UN estimates are much higher, with a report in February suggesting that maternal mortality has increased from 521 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 to 638 deaths.

One of the hardest parts of this situation for me is that when I think about my former friends and colleagues, I remember that we all had plans for our work and future.

I also dreamed of gaining more experience, advancing, and contributing to society. But now many of those dreams have stopped.

Sometimes even hearing the sound of the TV or watching a news programme brings back memories of the past and I want those days to come back.

Sometimes I miss the woman I used to be, the woman who was full of energy, confidence, and hope. I miss getting dressed and getting ready for work, going to the TV [station] to see my colleagues, sitting at the news desk and hearing myself read the news.

These memories are both sweet and painful for me. Sweet because they remind me of the good days of my life, and painful because I know that today I no longer have those conditions.

Yogita Limaye
Afghanistan correspondent

We continue to answer questions we've received about life under the Taliban five years on.

Stuart asks: Is the UN or aid agencies providing any support to avoid a humanitarian disaster? Is anyone negotiating with the Taliban?

Prior to the Taliban takeover, three quarters of state funding in Afghanistan came from aid funding given directly to the previous Afghan government.

That money stopped in August 2021, when the Taliban seized power.

Aid funding was then routed into the country through humanitarian agencies and they provided a critical bridge keeping the Afghan economy from collapse, distributing crucial food and cash aid to people, funding hospitals and healthcare workers.

However, they can only continue providing these emergency services, if they continue getting aid.

So far this year, foreign aid to Afghanistan is nearly 70% lower than 2025.

Dozens of countries including the UK, the US, and many European nations, regularly hold talks with the Taliban government.

Some countries including China and India have allowed Taliban diplomats to take over local Afghan embassies. So far, only Russia has recognised the Taliban government.

As the Taliban look for legitimacy, the people demand a solution to extreme povertypublished at 16:27 BST

16:27 BST

Yama Bariz
BBC Afghan Languages correspondent

We can now bring you more analysis from our BBC Afghan Languages correspondent on Afghanistan's relations with the international community.

The current situation has created a little ‘Afghan diplomatic enclave’ in the gulf state of Qatar.

The US and a few other nations have their Afghanistan-focused diplomatic missions in the capital, Doha. The international community continues to engage with the Taliban, while also calling for changes, including an end to restrictions on women and girls.

Additionally, the UK’s special envoy to Afghanistan, Richard Lindsay, tells me the Taliban "need to stop any form of terrorism, any threat emanating from their land threatening other countries".

A demand we shared with the Taliban's Foreign Minister Muttaqi, who rejected suggestions that Afghanistan poses any threat to the other countries.

“In the last five years, there has been no incident that has posed a threat from Afghanistan to any country in the world. There is not even a single militant group operating anywhere in Afghanistan," he has said.

On the streets of Kabul, I spoke to some people who say that, for them, bread comes first - they expect the Taliban government to tackle extreme poverty, whatever it takes.

For millions, and particularly those who don’t know where their next meal will come from, the main concerns are jobs, education and the future of their families.

Five years after taking power, the Taliban is still seeking a place in the international community. But for ordinary Afghans, diplomacy may only matter if it brings real changes to their lives.

Five years on, the Taliban are still struggling for international legitimacypublished at 16:14 BST

16:14 BST

Yama Bariz
BBC Afghan Languages correspondent

Image source, Getty Images

Five years after returning to power, the Taliban government remains largely isolated from the international community.

The former US embassy in Kabul, once one of America’s biggest diplomatic missions in the world, is now closed. Its flag is gone and its diplomats have left. Russia is the only country that formally recognises the Taliban government.

But the Taliban see it differently. The Taliban government’s Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi has told BBC Afghan Languages that they have active diplomatic relations with over 40 countries.

Muttaqi believes international recognition may not help ease some international restrictions imposed on their government.

“Iran is recognised by the whole world, but the country remains under international sanctions. International recognition is tied to the decision of some big powers.”

As Muttaqi says, Afghanistan is not completely cut off from international diplomacy. Some countries and organisations, including the European Union and the UK, still have visiting diplomats in Kabul and continue to meet Taliban officials.

We'll bring you more about Afghanistan's current diplomatic relations in the next post.

We can now bring you another question we've received for the women we've been speaking to today. Get in touch if you like to ask your own.

Susan and Lorraine ask: What can people around the world do which would be of most help to Afghan women?

Ela, a dental assistant from Kabul province, tells the BBC: “Speak up for Afghan women, support their right to education and work."

"Keep the world’s attention on their situation. We need solidarity, not silence," she adds.

Noori, a 24-year-old who works in a Kabul jam factory, says: "People around the world can continue to put pressure on the Taliban to respect their countries."

She adds: "International organisations should hold Taliban leaders accountable and put more sanctions and other measures that encourage them to reverse restrictions on women's education."

Aakriti Thapar
Senior South Asia producer

Image source, Getty Images

The women we’ve been in touch with have been sharing their experiences and responses via text messages and voice recordings on messaging platforms.

The posts you see on this page are their thoughts, shared in their own words. We’ve stayed in contact with many of these women over the years and have heard from them about how their lives have changed in the five years since the Taliban took power.

It has been challenging to receive responses from some women, as messages can often be delayed due to unreliable and patchy connections, particularly in rural areas.

This is one of the reasons why, while online education works for some, it is not a feasible option for a large number of people in the country.

While there is no permanent internet ban in place, there have been instances when the Taliban government has ordered internet shutdowns - such as in September 2025.

There are also concerns that restrictions on the use of smartphones could be expanded to the larger population, following the supreme leader’s order in June for government workers to stop using them.

We've had questions come in for the women we've been speaking to today. Get in touch if you would like to ask your own.

Georgia asks: Are you able to access any form of learning via the internet?

Noori, a 24-year-old who works in a jam factory in Kabul, says:

"Accessing online learning is very difficult.

"The internet connection is often extremely weak and unreliable, and electricity is limited."

Yogita Limaye
Afghanistan correspondent

We continue to answer questions we've received about life under the Taliban five years on.

Matthew asks: What are the pre and post-natal facilities like for women in Afghanistan?

There are maternity wards in public hospitals, but along with other public health infrastructure, these facilities are crumbling because of dramatic aid cuts to Afghanistan.

The maternity wards we have been to are very basic facilities, where women are not even given painkillers while they deliver babies.

Millions of women do not have access to even these basic hospitals as they live in remote areas. Therefore, small clinics run by midwives have been critical in reducing maternal mortality and neonatal deaths.

Between 400-600 such clinics have shut down in the past two years, triggered by USAID cuts, but also because of reduced funding from other countries. For more, you can read our report on the impact of aid cuts.

Due to the Taliban’s restrictions on female education, no new female doctors, nurses or midwives are being trained, which means in the future there will be a severe shortage of medics to treat women.

There are private hospitals in the big cities but only a very small percentage of the population can afford to use these facilities.

Yogita Limaye
Afghanistan correspondent

International aid to Afghanistan has seen a dramatic decline. The most staggering cut came when the US stopped nearly all funding to Afghanistan in 2025.

It caused the closure of more than 400 health facilities. We travelled to areas where clinics had shut down and heard testimony from families and health workers of a surge in maternal and newborn deaths.

A new investigation by Refugees International, external has documented at least 161 deaths including 80 maternal deaths that healthcare workers link to the collapse of health services following the withdrawal of US assistance.

The Trump administration has justified withdrawing aid, saying there were "credible and longstanding concerns that funding was benefiting terrorist groups, including... the Taliban”, a claim the Taliban denies.

But it’s not just the US. Funding from the UK this year is half of what is was last year, and there is a significant cut in aid from the European Commission as well.

Sources in aid agencies have told the BBC that while global economic factors have affected foreign aid to Afghanistan, the Taliban government’s policies, particularly its restrictions against women are also a reason donors are turning away.

This post contains distressing details.

We're still passing on questions to the women we've been speaking to - you can ask your own here.

Adam asks: What were you told about why you couldn’t go to school anymore?

Former student Lima, 20, from a north-eastern province of Afghanistan, tells the BBC: "Just... girls are not allowed to study anymore and it's a sin for girls to study or to improve themselves.

"Maybe for two years, or more, I was depressed and reclusive and never dared to go out of the home even for a second."

Lima says she suffered from insomnia and fevers, ultimately attempting to take her own life. She's since received psychological treatment but says she remains "hopeless" about her situation.

"Anytime I think about what I'm [going] through, and my future and myself... I just become more hopeless."

• If you are affected by any of the issues in this story, information and support is available at BBC Action Line

Still, there is a small hope inside me.

I hope that one day the doors of education will open again for girls like me. And when that day comes I want to be ready.

I want to study. I want to work. I want to serve people. And one day I want to look at my parents and say: "I told you I could do it. Your daughter made it".

Until that day I will keep learning in whatever way I can. I will keep painting. I will keep dreaming.

And I will keep believing that being an Afghan girl should never mean giving up on the right to have a future.

Zainab Mohammadi
BBC Dars producer

Image source, EPA/Shutterstock

More now from the Unicef analysis published earlier this year.

It estimates that restrictions on girls' education and women's employment are already costing Afghanistan's economy around $84m (£62m) every year.

In a separate report published in 2024, Unesco estimates that over the next 35 years, around 600,000 women who would otherwise have joined the labour force may never enter it.

This will reduce household incomes, affect the financial wellbeing of their families, and have a serious impact on the country's economy.

Unesco estimates that by 2066, the suspension of higher education for women could cost Afghanistan $9.6bn (£7.1bn) in lost economic output - equal to about two-thirds of the country's current GDP.

Hafizullah Maroof
BBC Afghan Languages

Image source, EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock

I have been to Afghanistan nearly a dozen times and have travelled across many provinces over the past five years since the Taliban returned to power.

Even in Kandahar, the southern province widely regarded as the Taliban's strongest stronghold, many families urged the Taliban government to allow their daughters to attend school.

I spoke with many girls who intentionally failed in Grade 6 in order to remain in school for another year.

Fatima (name changed), a 12-year-old girl from eastern Afghanistan, told me she was trying to fail for the second time.

"My only wish is to stay in school," she said.

Today, she is out of school. She was unable to fail a second time because she had grown older and advanced beyond the grade level she hoped to repeat.

For millions of girls like Fatima, going to school is now only a dream in Afghanistan.

Zainab Mohammadi
Producer, BBC Dars

Image source, EPA/Shutterstock

Afghanistan is currently the only country in the world where girls are officially banned from secondary and higher education.

According to information the BBC has obtained from Unicef, around 2.6 million girls in Afghanistan are now unable to attend school beyond Grade 6, with a further 400,000 reaching secondary-school age each year.

By 2030, more than four million girls will be denied education beyond Grade 6.

Unicef analysis published earlier this year warns that if these restrictions continue, Afghanistan could lose around 20,000 female teachers and 5,400 female health workers by 2030.

By 2035, the country could lose around 9,600 female health workers.