Nau'in ciwon suga da ke kama siraran mutane

Lokacin da suka fara yi wa Noella Mukumbi allurar sinadarin insulin, sun yi amanna cewa suna kokarin ceton rayuwarta ne. Amma a madadin haka, yar asalin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo mai shekara 30 ta ce maganin ya sa ta rika ji kamar za ta mutu.

An gano cewa Noella, wadda ke aikin gyaran gashi, tana da ciwon suga nau'in 1 a shekarar 2023, amma ta ce tana jin cewa akwai wani abu da ba daidai ba ne.

Bayan fara yi mata allurar insulin da ake yi kullum, matar mai 'ya'ya biyu ta ce ta rika jin jiri kuma ba ta da kuzari. Kwatsam, wata rana sai ta faɗi.

Ta shaida wa BBC cewa "Ina tsakar shirya tufafin yara sai kawai mijina ya same ni a ƙasa ina ihu,"

Byan shekara uku, sai kwararrun likitoci suka fada mata cewa wataƙila tana da ciwon suga na nau'in 5 ne.

Ciwon suga, wanda alkalumma ke cewa akwai mutane sama da miliyan 830 da ke fama da shi a faɗin duniya, yana faruwa ne idan wasu sinadaran jikin mutum suka shafi yadda jiki ke tantance yawan sukarin da aka sanyo da ke cikin jikin mutum, abin da ke nuni da cewa akwai hatsari.

Nau'in 5 wani nau'i ne na cutar da ake kyautata zaton yana samuwa bayan rashin abinci mai gina jiki na tsawon lokaci, musamman a lokacin ƙuruciya ko tsakanin matasa. A bara Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Suga ta Duniya (IDF) wadda ke wakiltar ƙungiyoyin masu ciwon suga 251 na ƙasa, ta amince da shi a hukumance, .

Sai dai duk da haka, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ba ta amince da wannan cuta ba, wadda ta yi amanna cewa har yanzu babu isassun hujjoji da za su nuna cewa wata nau'in cutar ce daban ba irin sauran ba.

Wasu masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa akwai mutane akalla miliyan 25 nau'in 5, kuma sun yi gargadin cewa idan har kuskure wajen gwaji aka dauka daidai ta ke da sauran nau'ikan cutar, to lallai za a samu ahasar rai?

Dr Meredith Hawkins, daraktan Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon Suga ta Duniya a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Albert Einstein, ta ce rashin tantance rarrabawar ciwon suga domin ware kowanne nau'i "matsala ce da ta yawaita" wadda ke haifar da mace-mace sakamakon rashin amfani da maganin insulin yadda ya kamata.

"Yawancin waɗannan matasan da muka yi jinya, mutuwa suka yi.'' in ji ta.

'Koyaushe cikin gajiya nake'

Ciwon suga na nau'in 1 yanayi ne na garkuwar jiki wanda jiki ke daina samar da insulin, yayin da ciwon suga na nau'in 2 yana da alaƙa da sauyi a juriyar insulin.

Amma masana kimiyya sun ce nau'in 5 zai iya kasancewa mai alaƙa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki na yau da kullun, wanda ke shafar ci gaban pancreas, sashin da ke samar da insulin.

Zai yi wu masu cutar su iya samar da insulin, amma ba ya isa yadda ake bukata. Shi ya sa magungunan da aka saba yi, ba koyaushe suke aiki ba, kuma a wasu lokuta, suna iya zama masu illa. Kamar yadda yake da Noella, ko da allurar insulin da aka saba amfani da ita na iya haifar da ƙarancin sukari - lokacin da sukarin jini ya yi ƙasa sosai - wanda zai iya zama mai mutuwa.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan, nau'in 5 na iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani waɗanda suka haɗa da makanta, ciwon koda, lalacewar jijiyoyi da raunuka masu dadewa ba a warke ba, waɗanda za su iya kai wa ga yanke sassan jiki.

Saboda ya fi kama matasa waɗanda ba su da kiba kuma masu suga da yawa a jini, yana da sauƙin rikitarwa a dauka ko nau'in 1 ne. Alamomin su kuma suna da kama da juna.

Noella, wacce a halin yanzu take zaune a Uganda, ta ce wannan shine abin da ta fuskanta. A iya sanin ta, ta kasance siririya, kuma jim kaɗan bayan ta yi haihuwa ta biyu sai ta fara rashin lafiya.

Ta ce "A koyaushe bakina yana bushewa. Ina shan ruwa sosai, har ma da dare ina farkawa sau biyu ko uku don in sha ruwa,"

Cikin kankanin lokaci sai ta rame, ta rage nauyi daga kilogiram 58 zuwa kilogiram 49, kuma tana yawan jin gajiya a koyaushe, alamu biyu da ke nuna kamuwa da cutar nau'in 1.

'Ciwon suga na marasa ƙiba'

Nau'in 5 na ciwon suga yana shafar yan yankin Asiya da kuma yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara na Afirka, inda rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin kananan yara da jarirai. Duk da akwai wasu bincike masu nuna cewa ciwon suga yana ƙaruwa a tsakanin mutanen da ba su da kiba a wasu ƙasashen.

Rahoton wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2023 a Diabetes Care, bisa ga bayanai daga manya sama da miliyan 2.6 a Amurka, ya gano ƙaruwar yawan abin da ake kira "lean diabetes" a tsakanin mutanen da ba su da kiba.

Sophia Sharer, yar asalin birnin Landan, ta yi imanin cewa ta fada cikin wannan tsagi. Tana da shekaru 23 lokacin da gwaje-gwajen jini da aka yi suka nuna tana da ciwon suga.

Matashiyar 'yar jarida mai shekaru 26 yanzu ta ce ita siririya ce a iya tashin ta har zuwa shekarun ƙuruciya, ta rika yawan zuwa asibiti don a duba ta. Amma da ta kai sheakaru 19 sai ta fara kiba, kuma ta fara fama da rashin lafiya.

"Nakan ji yunwa sosai kuma ina rawar jiki da sauri kuma ina jin kamar zan iya suma," in ji ta.

Bayan gwaje-gwajen an gano cewa tana da ciwon suga na nau'in 1 da kuma nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta da ba kasafai ake samu ba, Sophia ta ce likitoci sun sanya ta rika zuwa wani asibiti na masu nau'in 2 "saboda rashin wani zabi".

Baƙuwar zuwa

Hukumar WHO ta ayyana ta a matsayin "ciwon suga da ke da alaƙa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki" a shekarar 1985, kafin ta cire ta daga wannan matsayi bayan shekaru 12, lokacin da likitoci suka ce ba su yarda cewa ta bambanta da nau'in 2 ba.

Sannan a watan Afrilun 2025, Ƙungiyar kula da Ciwon Suga ta Duniya (IDF) ta amince da wannan cuta a hukumance. Wani bincike da masana kimiyya sama da 50 suka gudanar wanda aka buga a mujallar Lancet a bara ya taimaka wajen gane ta.

WHO ta ce gyare-gyaren da aka yi wa tsarin rarrabuwar ciwon suga a 1999 da 2006 "ba su sami isassun shaidar kimiyya don tabbatar da samun wannan rukuni a matsayin na daban ba".

Duk da haka ta yarda cewa rarrabuwarta ta yanzu "ba ta dace da yanayin kula da duk na'oin ciwon suga ba", kuma za a iya sake gabatar da nau'in 5 zuwa ga jagororinta a nan gaba, "muddin akwai kyakkyawan shaida" don ayyana ta a matsayin rukuni na musamman.