Abubuwan da suka sauya a Nijar shekara uku bayan juyin mulki

Gabanin cikar shekara uku da juyin mulkin soji da aka yi a Nijar, wanda zai kama ranar Lahadi, ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta zargi gwamnatin sojin ƙasar da rashin kataɓus wajen inganta rayuwar ƴan ƙasar baki ɗaya.

Ƙungiyar ta zargi shugabannin mulkin sojin ƙasar da hannu wajen ƙara taɓarɓarewar kula da kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam.

Ƙungiyar ta ce shekara uku na mulkin soji sun ƙara ƙarfafa mulkin danniya, sun raunana cibiyoyin bunƙasa dimokuraɗiyya tare da ƙara daƙile ƴancin jama'a tun bayan ƙwace mulki da sojoji suka yi a watan Yulin 2023.

A safiyar wata ranar Laraba 26 ga watan na Yulin 2023 ne sojojin da ke tsaron fadar shugaban ƙasar suka sanar da kamawa da tsare Mohamed Bazoum a fadarsa da ke babban birnin Niamey.

Da farko an ja daga tsakanin sojojin da suka yi juyin mulkin da hedkwatar tsaron ƙasar, waɗanda da farko suka ɗan nuna turjiya tare da nuna alamar mubaya'a ga Bazoum.

Nijar ta yi fama da juyin mulkin sojoji har sau huɗu tun bayan samun ƴancin kai daga Faransa a 1960.

Kwalliya ba ta biya kuɗin sabulu ba - HRW

A cikin wani rahoto da ta fitar ranar Alhamis, ƙungiyar ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai sa ido kan haƙƙin ɗan'adam ta ce shugaban mulkin sojin Nijar, Janar Abdourahamane Tiani, ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa ikonsa tare da murƙushe ƴan adawa, ƙungiyoyin farar hula, kafafen yaɗa labarai masu zaman kansu da kuma masu sukar gwamnati.

Human Rights Watch ta yi Allah-wadai da rushe jam'iyyun siyasa da wasu ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago masu zaman kansu, da kuma dakatar da ƙungiyoyin farar hula da dama da hukumomin sojin da ke Niamey suka yi. Ta kuma ambaci tsare ƴan jarida bisa amfani da wata dokar laifukan yanar gizo.

Ƙungiyar ta kuma soki tsawaita wa'adin mulkin riƙon ƙwarya ba tare da samar da wata hanya da za ta kai ga komawa dimokuraɗiyya ba. Ta kuma bayyana ci gaba da tsare tsohon shugaban ƙasar Mohamed Bazoum, matarsa da wasu tsofaffin jami'an gwamnati a matsayin tsarewa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.

Ta kuma jaddada batun fitaccen mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam Moussa Tiangari, wanda har yanzu yake tsare kafin yanke hukunci duk da cewa wani kwamiti na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya buƙaci a sake shi.

HRW ta kuma zargi hukumomin Nijar da sauya dokokin shari'a ta yadda za a ƙara tsawaita lokacin da ake tsare da shi.

Bugu da ƙari, rahoton ya ce gwamnatin sojin Nijar ta ɓullo da matakai da suka taƙaita ƴancin jama'a, ciki har da ƙwace wa wasu ƴan siyasa masu adawa da gwamnati takardar shaidar zama ƴan ƙasa, sanya ido kan masu sukar gwamnati daga ƙasashen waje, da kuma cire Nijar daga kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya (ICC).

"Bayan shekara uku da juyin mulki, gwamnatin sojin Nijar ta ƙara faɗaɗa tauye haƙƙin ɗan'adam," in ji Ilaria Allegrozzi, babbar mai bincike a HRW a yankin Sahel.

Ta kuma yi Allah-wadai da wata sabuwar dokar hukunta laifuka da ta haramta alaƙar auren jinsi, inda ta ce hakan ya kara haifar da tsoro da nuna wariya ga mutanen LGBT.

Waɗanda ƙungiyar ta ce an tauye wa haƙƙi sun haɗa da:

Ƙoƙarin da gwamnatin Nijar ke yi a yanzu

Tun bayan da sojoji suka ƙwace mulki a ranar 26 ga Yulin 2023, inda suka hamɓarar da zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa Mohamed Bazoum, suna masu cewa sun ɗauki matakin ne saboda taɓarɓarewar tsaro sakamakon hare-haren ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

Har yanzu gwamnatin sojin Nijar da ke Niamey ba ta mayar da martani kan waɗannan zarge-zarge ko rahoton Human Rights Watch ba har zuwa lokacin haɗa wannan rahoton.

Sai dai gwamnatin Nijar ta sha bayyana ƙoƙarin da take yi wajen ingant tsaro da tattalin arzikin ƙasar.

Bayan juyin mulkin, Nijar ta ƙara gyara alaƙa da gwamnatocin soji na Mali da Burkina Faso waɗanda suma suke ƙarƙashin mulkin soji bayan juyin mulki da suka yi a lokuta daban-daban.

Ƙasashen uku sun kafa ƙungiyar ƙawancen ƙasashen Sahel (Alliance of Sahel States - AES), bayan yanke alaƙa da ECOWAS da wasu ƙasashen Yamma musamman Faransa, tare da ƙara ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar tsaro da Rasha.

Alaƙar Nijar da Turkiyya

A shekarar 2024 gwamnatin ta Jamhuriyar Nijar ta ƙulla wata yarjejeniyar haƙar ma'adanai mai tsoka da ƙasar Turkiyya.

Yarjejeniyar da aka cimma tsakanin ƙasashen biyu ta ƙunshi bai wa duk wani kamfanin Turkiyya da ya nuna aniyar gudanar da aikin haƙo ma'adanai a ƙasar ta Nijar "duk abin da yake buƙata."

An sanar da ƙulla yarjejeniyar ne a lokacin ziyarar da manyan jami'an gwamnatin Turkiyya suka kai a Jamhuriyar Nijar, ƙarƙashin jagorancin ministan harkokin waje na Turkiyya, Hakan Fidan.

Ziyarar jami'an Turkiyyar ta zo ne watanni bayan ziyarara da Firaiministan Jamhuriyar Nijar, Ali Mahamane Zeine ya kai Turkiyya.

"Muna sa ran cewa masu saka jari a ɓangaren tattalin arziƙi za su zo domin zuba jari a Nijar, kuma za mu ba su duk abubuwan da suke buƙata ta yadda al'ummarmu za su ci gajiyar ma'adanan da za a haƙo," kamar yadda aka ambato Firaiministan Nijar, Ali Lamine Zein na bayyanawa a lokacin ganawarsa da tawagar gwamnatin Turkiyya.

Ƙungiyar ƙasashe masu samar da makamashin nukiliya ta ce Nijar ce ƙasa ta bakwai cikin ƙasashen da ke samar da makamashin uranium.

Kafin juyin mulkin, Faransa ce babbar mai ruwa da tsaki a harkar makamashin uranium na Jamhuriyar Nijar.

To amma tun bayan juyin mulkin, ta ɗauki wasu matakai ciki har da ƙwace lasisin haƙar ma'adanai na kamfanin haƙar ma'adanai na Orano na Faransa da kamfanin haƙar ma'adanai na ƙasar Canada, GoviEx.

Haka kuma ƙasar ta ƙulla yarjejeniya da Turkiyya a ɓangaren tsaro, domin ganin ta yaƙi mayaƙan ƙungiyar IS da na Alqaeda.

"Mun tattauna kan yadda za mu bunƙasa ɓangaren tsaro da tattara bayanan sirri a ƙoƙarin da ake yi na yaƙi da ta'addanci a Nijar, kamar yadda muka yi a Somaliya," in ji ministan harkokin waje na Turkiyya, Hakan Fidan a lokacin ziyarar.

A watan Afrilu, Turkiyya da Jamhuriyar Nijar sun amince da su ƙara ƙarfafa dangantaka ta tsaro ta hanyar samar da jirage marasa matuƙa ƙirar Bayraktar TB2 ga rundunar sojin Jamhuriyar Nijar.

Haka kuma Turkiyya a lokacin cewa za ta bai wa Nijar makaman da hamɓararren shugaban ƙasar, Mohamed Bazoum ya yi oda daga ƙasar.

A watan Maris, gwamnatin mulkin sojin Nijar ta sanar da soke yarjejeniyar da ke tsakaninta da Amurka, inda hakan ya tursasa wa dakarun Amurka masu yaƙi da ayyukan ta'addanci a yankin Sahel ficewa daga kasar.