Yadda sauyin yanayi na El Niño zai shafi jihohin Arewacin Najeriya
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Masana yanayi na gargadin cewa Najeriya na iya fuskantar matsanancin zafi a watanni masu zuwa sakamakon tasirin sauyin yanayin El Niño, lamarin da ka iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya da muhalli ga miliyoyin mutane.
Masu bincike daga fannin binciken sauyin yanayi a jami'ar University of Chicago sun yi hasashen cewa Najeriya na iya samun ƙarin mutuwar mutane 31,400 da ke da alaƙa da tsananin zafi tsakanin watan Satumba na 2026 da Fabrairu na 2027 idan yanayin da ake hasashe ya tabbata.
Wannan ƙididdiga, wadda aka wallafa a watan Satumba, ta sanya Najeriya cikin jerin ƙasashen da ake sa ran za su fuskanci mafi yawan ƙarin mace-macen da matsanancin zafi zai iya haddasawa a wannan lokaci.
Hukumar kula da yanayi ta duniya, WMO, ta ce tun a farkon watan Satumba El Niño ya kafu sosai kuma ana sa ran zai ƙara ƙarfi, lamarin da ka iya ci gaba da shafar yanayin duniya har zuwa farkon shekarar 2027.
Ita ma hukumar hasashen yanayi ta Najeriya, NiMet, a rahotonta na watan Agusta ta tabbatar da samuwar wannan yanayi tare da gargadin cewa zai iya haifar da sauye-sauye a yanayin zafi da ruwan sama a faɗin ƙasar.
Mece ce El Niño?
El Niño wani yanayi ne na ɗumamar ruwan tekun Pacific Ocean a yankin tsakiyarsa da gabashinsa fiye da yadda aka saba. Wannan ɗumamar ruwa tana sauya yanayin iska da ruwan sama a sassa daban-daban na duniya, ciki har da Afrika.
A ƙa'ida, iskar da ke kadawa a kan Pacific Ocean tana tura ruwan dumi zuwa yammacin tekun. Lokacin da El Niño ya faru, waɗannan iskoki suna raunana, wanda ke sa ruwan dumi ya taru a wasu wurare kuma ya canza tsarin yanayi a duniya. Wannan na iya jawo:
Ma'anar kalmar El Niño
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Kalmar El Niño ta samo asali ne daga harshen Sifaniyanci. Ma'anarta ita ce "yaron nan" ko kuma "ɗan yaro", kuma tana nufin jaririn Yesu Almasihu.
Masunta a ƙasar Peru da Ecuador ne suka fara amfani da sunan, domin sun lura cewa ɗumamar ruwan tekun da ake dangantawa da wannan al'amari kan fi bayyana ne a kusa da lokacin Kirsimeti. Saboda haka suka sanya masa suna "El Niño de Navidad" wato "Yaron Kirsimeti."
Daga baya masana yanayi suka ɗauki wannan suna suka fara amfani da shi wajen bayyana wannan babban sauyin yanayi da ke faruwa a Tekun Pacific.
Akwai kuma kishiyar El Niño da ake kira La Niña, wanda ke nufin "Yarinya" a Sifaniyanci. Yayin da El Niño ke da alaƙa da ɗumamar ruwan teku, La Niña tana da alaƙa da sanyayarsa fiye da yadda aka saba.
Illoli 7 na El Niño
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
El Niño na iya haifar da sauye-sauye masu yawa ga yanayi, lafiya, noma da tattalin arziƙi. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan illolinsa:
Matsanancin zafi
- Ƙaruwar yanayin zafi fiye da yadda aka saba.
- Yawaitar zafi mai tsanani
- Ƙarin haɗarin mutuwa da cututtukan da zafi ke haddasawa.
Matsalolin lafiya
- Bugun zafi
- Rashin ruwa a jiki
- Tsanantar cututtukan zuciya da na numfashi.
- Ƙaruwa a mace-macen da ke da alaƙa da zafi.
Fari da ƙarancin ruwa
- Raguwar ruwan sama a wasu yankuna.
- Bushewar koguna da madatsun ruwa.
- Ƙarancin ruwan sha da na ban ruwa.
Tasiri ga noma
- Raguwar amfanin gona.
- Bushewar amfanin gona sakamakon zafi da ƙarancin ruwa.
- Ƙaruwa a farashin abinci.
Tasiri ga kiwo
- Rashin ciyawa da ruwa ga dabbobi.
- Raunin dabbobi da yawaitar mace-mace a wasu lokuta.
- Rikice-rikice tsakanin manoma da makiyaya kan albarkatun ruwa da filaye.
Ambaliyar ruwa a wasu yankuna
- Duk da cewa wasu wurare kan fuskanci fari, wasu ƙasashe ko yankuna kan fuskanci mamakon ruwan sama da ambaliya.
- Lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa.
Tasiri ga tattalin arziƙi
- Raguwar samar da abinci.
- Ƙaruwa a hauhawar farashi.
- Asarar kuɗaɗe a bangaren noma, kamun kifi da makamashi.
Jihohin Najeriya da ka iya fuskantar matsanancin zafi
A halin yanzu, NiMet ba ta fitar da jerin jihohin da za su fi fuskantar matsanancin zafi kai tsaye sakamakon El Niño ba. Amma ta bayyana cewa za a samu yanayin zafi fiye da yadda aka saba a faɗin Najeriya, tare da sauye-sauye a tsarin ruwan sama.
Sai dai, idan aka yi la'akari da hasashen NiMet da kuma yadda El Niño ke shafar Najeriya a tarihi, masana kan fi nuna damuwa game da jihohin da ke yankunan Sahel da Sudan Savannah, wato:
- Borno
- Yobe
- Jigawa
- Katsina
- Sokoto
- Zamfara
- Kebbi
- Kano
- Bauchi
- Gombe
Waɗannan jihohi na arewacin Najeriya sukan fuskanci yanayin zafi mai tsanani a lokutan bazara, kuma El Niño na iya ƙara tsawon lokacin zafi da yawan kwanakin da zafin jiki zai haura matakan da aka saba gani.
Haka kuma, wasu sassan jihohin Adamawa, Taraba, Kaduna, Niger da Plateau na iya fuskantar ƙarin zafi, musamman a lokutan da ake samun ƙarancin giragizai da raguwar ruwan sama.
