Dalilai uku da suka sa hare-hare ƴan bindiga ke ta'azzara a kudancin Najeriya

A Najeriya, masana na tattaunawa game da yadda hare-haren ƴanbindiga suka fara ɗaukar sabon salo, musamman inda garkuwa da mutane, ciki har da ɗalibai ke neman zama ruwan dare a kudancin ƙaar.

Najeriya dai ta daɗe tana fama da rikice-rikice da suka haɗa da garkuwa da mutane da kashe-kashe da sauran matsalolin tsaro.

Duk da cewa asalin garkuwa da mutane daga kudancin ƙasar ya samo asali, lamarin ya yi ƙamarin gaske a arewacin ƙasar, inda har ake tunanin matsalar ce da ta samo asali daga yankin ce.

Sai dai ko a lokacin da garkuwa da mutanen ke tashe a kudancin ƙasar, mahara sun fi ɗaukar manyan mutane da ko iyalansu, ko kuma ma'aikatan manyan kamfanoni da suka san za a samu kuɗi, duk da cewa sukan ɗauki ɗaiɗaikun mutane marasa ƙarfi.

Saɓanin haka ne a arewacin Najeriya, inda mahara sukan sace mutane na kan mai uwa da wabi, har a kan samu lokacin da ake sace ƙauye baki ɗaya, ko kuma a sace manoma a mutane waɗanda talakawa futik.

Matsalar tsaro a kudancin Najeriya

Wata matsalar da ta yi ƙamari a kudancin Najeriya ita ce matsalar ƴan aware a yankin kudu maso gabas, inda aka samu ɓatagari da suke garkuwa da mutane da kashe-kashe.

Rikicin neman ɓallewa a Najeriya ya samo asali ne daga yunƙurin kafa ƙasar Biafra, wanda ya janyo yaƙin basasar ƙasar kimanin shekara 60 da suka gabata, wanda ya yi ajalin sama da mutum miliyan 2.

An zargi ƙungiyar ESN, kamar yadda ake kiranta a baya da zargin garkuwa da fararen hula da jami'an tsaro a jihohin kudu maso gabas, inda har suke tursasa mutane da dama zaman dole a wasu garuruwan yankin a ranar Litinin, lamarin da ke haifar da ƙuncin tattalin arziki.

Akwai ƴanbindiga da suka fi addabar arewa maso yamma, sai mahara masu iƙirarin jihadi da suka fi addabar arewa maso gabas, akwai rikicin makiyaya da manoma a tsakiyar ƙasar, sai kuma rikicin masu yunƙurin ɓallewa daga ƙasar a kudu maso gabas.

Wannan ya sa aiki yake yawa kan sojojin ƙasar kusan 400,000 da ƴansanda 370,000.

A farkon wannan shekarar ne aka ɗaure Simon Ekpa a ƙasar Finland saboda kama shi da laifin ta'addanci.

BBC ta tattauna da Kabiru Adamu, shugaban Kamfanin Beacon Security and Innovations Limited, kuma mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro, inda ya zayyano wasu abubuwa uku da ya ce su ne dalilan da suka sa matsalar take ƙamari a kudu

1. Bakin teku

Dr Kabiru Adamu ya ce ba abin mamaki ganin yadda maharan suke ƙoƙarin kutsawa kudancin Najeriya, domin a cewarsa, dama tun asali suna da niyyar samun wurin zama a yankunan bakin teku.

''Kasancewar kudancin Najeriya na cikin taswirar da ƴanbindiga suka tsara, bayanan da suka fito na yadda suke tsara manufarsu, suna da burin kama wuraren da ke bakin teku."

Masanin tsaron ya ce a yankin Sahel kusan a bayyane suna faɗaɗa iko da damar da suke da ita na mu'amala da yankunan da suke kusa da teku.

"Shi sa ya ake ganin ƙarin hare-hare a yankunan ƙasashen Jamhuriyar Benin da wasu ɓangarorin ƙasar Burkina Faso wanda ba don komai ba ne sai don tabbatar da wannan manufar tasu," in ji shi.

Kabiru Adamu ya ce akwai manyan ƙungiyoyin mahara na duniya, wato "IS da Al'Qaeda da suke da wannan manufar. Kuma da yake suna da waɗanda suke musu mubaya'a a Najeriya, sai ya kasace suma sun rumgumi wanan manufar wadda asalin ƙungiyoyi ke da su."

2. Dazuka suna haɗa tsakani

Abu na biyu da masanin tsaron ya bayyana a matsayin dalili shi ne yanayin girman dazukan Najeriya, inda ya ce girman dazukan zun taimaka waje ba maharan damar tafiya da zirga-zirga zuwa sassan ƙasar cikin sauƙi.

"Akwai dazuzzuka da waɗannan manyan ƙungiyoyin guda biyu suke da mabiya wato IS da Al'Qead, suna walwala sosai. Wasu daga cikin dazukan kuma sun tashi ne daga arewaci suka nausa har kudancin ƙasar," in ji shi.

Ya ce idan aka kula da yanayin ƙasar da kuma maƙwabtakanta da ƙasashen waje, "Misali jamhuriyar Benin da na faɗa tana cikin ƙasashen da manyan ƙungiyoyin ke so su shiga, don haka suuna kutsawa daga cikin dazuka ƙasashen suna matsawa zuwa cikin Najeriya."

3. Salon gwamnati

Kabiru Adamu ya kuma bayyana cewa yanayi salon gwamnatin Najeriya na yaƙi da matsalar yakan taimaka wajen tsaiko ga daƙile matsalar.

"Salon yaƙin da gwamnati ke yi a Najeriya ma yana taka rawa. Da aka tashi aiwatar da shirin sai aka fi ba Arewa maso Gabas muhimmanci maimakon a faɗaɗa shirin a ƙasar baki ɗaya."

Sai dai ya ce a lokacin an ɗauki matakin ne saboda yankin ne ya fi fama da matsalar tsaro, "sannan daga bisani an fara shirin soji na musamman a Fansar Yamma a yankin arewa maso yamma, sannan aka sake fito da wani shirin a Kwara domin arewa ta tsakiya," in ji Kabiru Adamu.

Masanin tsaron ya ce tun a baya an san akwai alamun yunƙurin faɗaɗawa da maharan suke on yi, wanda a cewarsa ya kamata a ce tun a baya an hango, an yi shiri na musamman daƙile.

Siyasa na taka rawa?

A game da zargin da ake yi cewa siyasa na taka rawa wajen ta'azzara matsalolin tsaro a Najeriya, Kabiru Adamu ya ce lallai siyasa na taka rawa, amma ya ce ba siyasar ba ce take janyo matsalar.

"Ba shakka siyasa na rura wutar matsalolin saboda da jimawa musmman a Jamhuriya ta 4, tsaro na cikin dalilan da ke ingantawa gwamnti ko raunata tsaro, don haka shaidu sun tabbatar da cewa ƴan siyasa ko dai na waɗanda ke mulki ko masu adawa suna amfani da tsaro a siyasa, amma dai ba siyasar ba ce take assasa matsalar, kawai tana rura wutar matsalar ne."

Matsalar ta bar arewa?

Wani abu da ake tafka muhawara shi ne ganin yadda hare-haren suke yunƙurin tsallakawa zuwa kudancin Najeriya, shin matsalar ta bar arewa ke nan baki ɗaya domin komawa kudu?

A game da wannan, Kabiru Adamu ya ce har yanzu akwai sassan arewacin Najeriya na cikin matsala.

"Ya kamata a fahimci cewa don matsalar ta kunno kai a kudanci , kada a yi tunanin matsalar ta kau ke nan a arewa. Har yanzu kusan kullum ana samun hare-hare a sassan arewacin Najeriya. Akwai al'umma da har yanzu suna ƙarƙashin ikon waɗannan ƙungiyoyi."

A game da shawarar da masanin zai bayar game da magance matsalar, Kabiru Adamu ya ce akwai wani shirin gwamnati na "All of govement and all of society."

"Akwai cibiyar yaƙi da ta'addanci da take ƙarƙashin ofishin mai ba shugaban ƙasa shawara kan tsaro. Akwai tsari da aka fitar yaƙi da ta'addanci na 2015 zuwa 2023," in ji shi.

Masanin tsaro ya ce babu wata shawarar da "zan bayar da ta wuce abin da ke ƙunshe a cikin wannan kundin. Kamata ya yi a koma a tabbatar an ayi amfani da wannan tsarin."

Masani tsaron ya ce abin ake nufi a tsarin shi ne dukkan ɓangarorin gwamnati - matakin tarayya da jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi su taka rawa, sannan ɓangaren al'umma kowa ya taka rawa a matsayin da yake domin magance matsalar.