Yadda aka yi jigilar Uranium a asirce daga Venezuela zuwa Amurka

Ya faru ne a cikin wani dare a ƙarshen watan Afrilu.

Wani ayarin sojojin Venezuelan ya yi tafiyar kilomita 160 (mil 99) daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Venezuelan (IVIC), wadda ke wajen birnin Caracas, zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Puerto Cabello a cikin jihar Carabobo.

Dalilan da ke tattare da tafiyar da daddare da kuma tsananin sirrin ya bayyana ne kwanaki kaɗan bayan haka: Sojoji na rakiyar wata motar da ke ɗauke da kwantena mai kusan kilogiram 13 na sinadarin Uranium da aka inganta sosai, wanda za a kai ƙasar Amurka.

Aikin ya shafi gwamnatocin Amurka da Venezuela da Birtaniya, da kuma hukumar kula da makamashin nukiliya ta duniya IAEA, wadda a cikin wata sanarwa da ta fitar a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu, ta bayyana shi a matsayin "aikin haɗin gwiwa da aka tsara a tsanake, wanda aka gudanar ƙarƙashin tsauraran matakan tsaro". An lura cewa irin wannan nau'in kayayyakin nukiliya na iya haifar da haɗarin yaɗuwa ko barazanar tsaro idan ya faɗa hannun da bai dace ba.

13kg wani kaso ne ɗan ƙalilan idan aka kwatanta da fiye da kilogiram 400 da aka yi iƙirarin Iran ta mallaka kafin fara yaƙinta da Amurka da Isra'ila. Sai dai alaƙar gwamnatin Venezuela da Iran da Rasha da Cuba da kuma Koriya ta Arewa ta kasance abin damuwa ga gwamnatin Amurka kuma a cewar ƙwararrun da suka zanta da BBC Verify, har da ma da hukumar IAEA.

Jack Crawford, na Royal United Services Institute (Rusi), ya shaida wa BBC Verify cewa wannan cire yranium ɗin da aka yi wani ɓangare ne na ƙoƙarin ƙasashen duniya na tabbatar da ingantaccen sinadarin uranium - wanda aka sarrafa da nufin amfani da shi don samar da ababen more rayuwa na faraen hula - ba za a iya faɗaqwa hannun kasashe ko kuma wasu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke neman kera makaman kare dangi ba.

Ya ce duk da cewa uranium da aka cire ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi 20% na uranium-235 - kuma ana ɗaukar HEU da ya kai matakin a 90% zuwa sama a matsayin wanda ya kai matakin haɗa makami - "ya isa a ƙara tace shi don samar da ƙaramin makamin nukiliya".

Don haka ta yaya Venezuela ta sami ingantacciyar uranium, kuma me ya sa ta miƙa shi ga Amurka?

Lamarin dai ya fara ne da jawabin da shugaban Amurka Dwight D Eisenhower ya yi a gaban babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekara ta 1953. Lokacin yaƙin cacar-baki, a lokacin da ake tsaka da rububin mallakar makamai tsakanin Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet, kuma akwai fargabar cewa ƙasashe da dama, da ma waɗansu ƙungiyoyi da ba gwamnatoci ba, za su iya mallakar makaman nukiliya.

Don haka Eisenhower ya ba da shawara: ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa don hana yaduwar makaman nukiliya da haɓaka amfani da makamashin nukiliya cikin lumana a fannoni kamar sarrafa magunguna da aikin gona.

"Ƙwace wannan makamin daga hannun sojoji kaɗai ba shi ne zai taimaka ba," in ji shi. "Dole ne a sanya shi a hannun wadanda suka san yadda za su iya sauya shi daga zama makami zuwa abin da za a yi amfani da shi ta hyanyar zaman lafiya."

Manufar ita ce, ƙasashen da ke da ikon ƙera makaman nukiliya za psu samar da shi ga hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda za ta kiyaye shi kuma ta sanya shi a hannun masu bincike da za su gudanar da bincike kan yadda za a iya amfrani da wannan makamashi i.a lokacin zaman lafiya.

Jawabin Eisenhower ya samar da shimfiɗar ƙirƙirar hukumar IAEA, amma kuma ya haifar da wani shiri na daban na Amurka mai suna 'Atoms for Peace'.

A cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa, Amurka ta gyara dokokinta don ba da damar fitar da fasahohin nukiliya, kayayyaki da ƙwarewa zuwa ƙasashen da suka sha alwashin ƙin amfani da su wajen ƙera makamai.

A wani ɓangare na shirin, Venezuela ta sami injin ɗin sarrafa makamashin nukiliya na RV-1, mai ƙarfin megawatts 3, daga kamfanin General Electric na Amurka. A cewar hukumar ta IAEA, Amurka da Birtaniya ne suka samar da makamashin nukiliyar.

An ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1960, inda aka sanya shi a cikin Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Venezuelan (IVIC), kuma an yi amfani da shi a zaman na'uran bincike har zuwa 1991 lokacin da aka rufe wani ɓangarensa.

A cewar hukumomin Venezuela, rufewar ta ƙarshe ta faru ne a shekara ta 1997, lokacin da aka cire wani ɓangare na man da yake aiki da shi. Sauran da suka rage an kyallace su a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsaro mai inganci.

A cewar gwamnatin Burtaniya, hukumomin Venezuela sun fara buƙatar a kwashe sauran uranium ɗin da ya rage a cikin 2017 - kuma an fara shirin yin hakan shirin yin hakan.

Sai dai da alama kama shugaban ƙasar Venezuela na lokacin, Nicolás Maduro a watan Janairu ya ƙara hanzarta batun.

Hukumomi a Venezuela sun ce hare-haren da Amurka ta kai ta sama a lokacin da aka kama shi ya kusan fadawa cibiyar nukiliyar.

Wata sanarwa da ministan harkokin wajen ƙasar Yván Gil ya fitar a ranar 7 ga watan Mayu, ta ce aikin ya ƙara yawan haɗarin da ake fuskanta daga cibiyar kuma ya ƙara jadadda buƙata yin gaggawa wurin kwashe uranium ɗin.

Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta ɗauki ƴan watanni ana aikin kwashe uranium ɗin, kuma an kammala aikin shekaru biyu kafin lokacin da aka tsara tun farko.

A cewar hukumomin Amurka, ƙwararru a fannin makamin nukiliya na Burtaniya ne suka ɗauki nauyin miƙa sinadarin na uranium daga ƙasar Venezuela zuwa cibiyar nukiliyar kogin Savannah da ke Aiken a jihar South Carolina ta Amurka.

Pacific Egret - jirgin dakon kaya da aka yi amfani da shi - ya daina watsa inda ya ke ta hanyar tauraron dan adam a ranar 11 ga Afrilu lokacin da ya tsaya a Charleston, South Carolina. BBC Verify ta yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam masu inganci don tabbatar da cewa bayan mako guda ya kasance a Puerto Cabello a Venezuela.

Hotunan da aka ɗauka a ranar 4 ga watan Mayu sun nuna Pacific Egret - da wani jirgin rakiya a biye da shi - yayin da ya ke komawa Amurka, yayin da wasu da aka ɗauka a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu sun nuna shi bayan isowarsa tashar jiragen ruwa na Charleston.

"Ƙokari ne na haɗin gwiwa, tare da tsaurara matakan tsaro a kowane lokaci," in ji ofishin kula da makaman nukiliya a Burtaniya.

Wannan aiki ne mai sarkakiya kuma a tsanake da aka tsara wanda wani ɓangare ne na babban tsarin da aka ƙaddamar.

Duk da cewa yawancin injunan binciken da aka gina a shekarun 1960 da 1970 suna buƙatar HEU don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen nasu, ana iya gudanar da irin wannan bincike ta hanyar amfani da ƙarancin wadataccen uranium (LEU), wanda adadin uranium-235 ya ƙasa da 20%.

IEAE ta bayyana cewa, a duk duniya, fiye da cibiyoyin nukiliya na bincike guda 100 da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya aka sauya su domin amfani da LEU a maddain HEU ko kuma a rufe su baki ɗaya, da kuma kusan kilogiram 7,000 na HEU an mayar da su ƙasashensu na asali.

Cibiyoyin makamashin nukiliya, waɗanda ake amfani da su don samar da wutar lantarki, suna aiki ne da LEU.