WhatsApp: Yadda ake aikawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kuɗaɗe

Wani bincike da Ƙungiyar Ƴan Jarida ta Tarayyar Turai ta gudanar ya bankaɗo yadda ake amfani da wani dandalin WhatsApp wajen aika miliyoyin Yuro ko ina a fadin duniya don ɗaukar nauyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.

Dandalin tattaunawar na WhatsApp mai membobi 532 mai suna "Traders of Greater Europe", na aikawa da kuɗade tsakanin iyakokin ƙasashen membobin danddalin da suka haɗa da biranen Birmingham da Landan a ƙasar Burtaniya.

Akwai wani lokaci da aka aika da kuɗaɗe daga Brussels zuwa ƙungiyar IS a Siriya.

Ƙungiyar Ƴan Jaridu ta Tarayyar Turai (EBU) wadda ta haɗa da BBC, ta kuma gano ƙarin wata shaida da ta tabbatar da irin wannan tsarin aika kuɗi da ake amfani da shi wajen safarar mutane da kuma safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Wani Alƙali ɗan ƙasar Belgium mai suna Vincent Guerra ne ya gano dandalin tattaunawar inda aka aika saƙwonni da yawan su ya kai sama da 82,000 daga dandalin tsakanin ƙarshen watan Fabrairu da zuwa watan Disamban shekara ta 2022.

Guerra ya ce ana aikawa da kuɗaɗe kowanne ɓangare na duniya ta wannan dandalin ba tare da an gano su ba a hukumance.

Membobin dandalin tattaunawar na musayar saƙonni biyan kuɗade cikin harshen Larabci a tsakaninsu ta hanyar amfani da tsarin aika kuɗi na hawala. Hawala wani tsarin hada-hadar kuɗaɗe ne a faɗin duniya amma cikin sirri ba tare da an gano a hukumance ba.

Tsarin aika kuɗaɗe ta Hawala ana yin sa ne tsakanin dillalai biyu da aka fi sani da hawaladars a wurare daban-daban. Ana biyan ɗaya daga cikin hawaladars kuɗi sai takwaransa ya samar da adadin da ake buƙata ba tare da karɓar riba ba. Akwai inda dillalan Hawaladars ke ganawa don warware batun kuɗaɗe a tsakaninsu.

A lokuta da dama ana amfani da Hawala don aika kudi bisa ƙa'ida, alal misali ƴan cirani sukan yi amfani da Hawala wajen aikawa iyalansu kuɗi daga ƙasashen da suke da ƙarancin bankuna.

Amma kuma masu laifi na iya amfani da hawala don kaucewa tsarin Swift da bankuna ke amfani da shi wajen sanya ido da kwarmata musayar maƙudan kuɗade.

An amincewa ƙungiyar Traders of Greater Europe ta gudanar da hada-hadar sama da euro 5,000 watau fan £4,279. Amma fa babu wata alama da ke nuna cewa duk membobin dandalin WhatsApp ɗin suna da hannu a aikata laifuka.

Ya yinda ƙasashen Turai da dama suka haramta amfani da Hawala, Burtaniya ta bayar da damar amfani da hawala ga dillalan da suka yi rijista da hukumar Tattara Haraji da kuma Hukumar Kwastam (HMRC).

Hukumar EBU ta samo bayanan sakonnin WhatsApp ɗin ne bayan wata shari'a a kotun Belgium a shekarar 2024 wadda ta yankewa masu satar kuɗi 6 hukunci, ciki har da Abu Adam shugaban cibiyar a Brussels tare da wani mataimakin sa.

Ƴansandan Belgium sun gano shaidar da ta tabbatar da yadda wanda ake tuhuma ke aikawa IS kuɗi don taimakawa matan mayaƙan da suka tsere daga inda ake tsare da su a Siriya. Lokacin da suka kama Abu Adam sun gano tattaunawa da dandalin Traders of Greater Europe cikin wayarsa ta salula.

Guerra ya ce "an yi nasara", wajen ya gano sirrin dandalin. Wayar ta kuma ƙunshi hotuna 6,000 na takardun kuɗin Yuro 5 da lambobi da hotunan 6,000 na katunan shaida. Waɗannan bayanai galibi ana amfani da su a matsayin wata shaida ta musamman da za ayi amfani da ita wajen hada-hadar kuɗi ta hanayr amfani da hawala, jimillar takardun kuɗi da katunan shaida sun nuna cewa Abu Adam ya aika da kuɗaɗe sau akalla 12,000, in ji Guerra.

"Wannan ba aikin ɗan koyo ba ne kawai; aiki ne na ƙwararru a matakin da ba a iya bankaɗowa" in ji shi. "Sun kasance tamkar ma'aikatan banki ba bisa tsarin gwamnati ba."

EBU ta kuma gano wasu ƙungiyoyin asiri a Turai da ke amfani da tsarin hawala don aikata laifuka. Wani tsohon mai hada-hadar kuɗaɗe ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ya taɓa shiga tsarin aikawa da kuɗaɗe na hawala a Turai, Frank ya shaida wa EBU cewa ya yi mu'amalar miliyoyin Yuro.

Ya ce an fara gabatar da shi cikin tsarin hawala a wani ofishi dake garin Rotterdam. Ya ƙara da cewar a nan ya ga yadda wasu mutane 5 ko 6 suka kawo kuɗaɗe cikin sa'a ɗaya da rabi sannan suka aika da aƙalla Yuro miliyan ɗaya nan take, in ji shi.

"Abin da na gano daga baya shi ne ba batu ne kawai na aikawa da kuɗade ba kawai. Al'amarin ya ƙunshi samar da kuɗaɗen ta'addanci da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da safarar mata da aykata laifuka," in ji shi.

Al'amura a Ostiriya sun nuna yadda tsarin hawala ke da alaƙa da safarar mutane da tayar da zaune tsaye.

Wata shari'a da gidan talabijin na ORF na Ostiriya ya nuna, an ga yadda ƴan sandan Ostiriya suka kai samame "babban ofishin hawala a birnin Vienna" cikin wani gidan cin abinci da hukumomi suka ce ana amfani da shi wajen biyan kuɗin fasa kwauri.

An tuhumi wasu mutane 2 ƴan uwan juna kuma ƴan Siriya da aikata laifin safarar mutane da kuma azabtar da wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa wanda ya yi asarar Yuro 350,000 daidai da fan 300,000. A shekarar da ta gabata aka yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 18 a gidan kurkuku.

Ƴan sandan Austria haɗin gwiwa da Europol sun kuma tarwatsa wata kungiyar safarar mutane da aka ɗauki nauyinta ta hanyar hawala wadda jami'ai suka ce ta shigar da aƙalla mutane 100,000 cikin Turai a watanni 18.

Gerald Tatzgern, wanda ke jagorantar binciken fataucin mutane a Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Ostiriya ya tabbatarwa ORF cewar ana amfani da hawala wajen fataucin mutane kuma ana amfani da ita don son samun riba.

Ya ce an nemi a biya kuɗi ta amfani da tsarin hawala don a dai na azabtar da ƴan cirani.

Babban jami'in ƴan sanda kuma jami'in hulda da jama'a na Europol Quentin Mugg, wanda ya jagoranci bincike da dama game da satar kudi ya bayyana cewar tsarin aikawa da kuɗi shi ne ''babbar hanyar sata da kuma aikata laifuka".

Mun yi amfani da ƙirƙirarriyar basira wajen fassara wannan labari daga harshen Ingilishi. Ma’aikacin BBC ya sake duba labarin kafin a wallafa. Karanta ƙarin bayani kan yadda muke amfani da fasahar AI.