Gudunmawa 8 da Iran ta bai wa duniya

"Daular Farisa ita ce tushen ra'ayoyi da yawa da muke da su a yammacin duniya," in ji Farfesa José Cutillas, wanda ya yi karatu kuma ya koyar a Iran.

"A ra'ayinmu, mun yi imanin cewa komai ya ta'allaka kan Turawa, cewa komai ya samo asali ne daga asashen Girka kuma nan ne tushen kowane ra'ayi," in ji farfesan harshen Farisa da al'adun Iran a Jami'ar Alicante.

Amma, a zamanin jahiliyya na Farisa, an samu ra'ayoyi daban-daban.

Alal misali, ta hanyar nazarin yadda aka tsara al'ummomin Turai ta hanyar siyasa da kuma gudanarwa, mun samu tabbacin halaye a cikin babbar daular Farisa Achaemenid (daga shekarar 550-330 miladiyya).

A ɓangaren addini kuwa, tauhidi yana nan a tsohuwar Iran kimanin shekaru 3,500 da suka gabata, lokacin da Zoroaster ya kafa addinin Zoroastrianism.

"Addinin ya yadda cewa akwai mala'iku da kuma manzonni," kamar yadda farfesan ya bayyana, da kuma kasancewar Aljannah da Wutar jahannama."

Ga sarakunan daular Farisa, sun yi gwagwarmayar tabbatar da gaskiya a kan ƙarya, kamar bambancin haske da duhu.

A wannan maƙala, BBC mun yi duba kan rayuwar Farisa, kafin da kuma bayan zuwan addinin Musulunci, da kuma yadda al'adunta na tsawon lokaci suka taimakawa rayuwar yau da kullum.

1) Sanya wando

Tsakanin shekaru 2,000 zuwa 5,000 da suka wuce, maza daga al'adu daban-daban sun sanya siketi da wasu na'ukan tufafi, kamar yadda cibiyar nazarin rayuwar ɗan'adam ta Jamus ta bayyana a cikin shiri na musamman na "The Invention of the Trousers".

Romawa sun tafi yaƙi babu komai a kafafunsu, sanye kuma da riga kaɗai.

Yana da wahala a iya gano a ina da kuma yaushe aka fara samar da wanduna.

Sai dai masana da dama sun yi imanin cewa al'ummar makiyaya irin su Scythians, 'yan asalin Iran, waɗanda suka yi fice a cikin tekun Eurasia, sun taka rawa wajen wnazuwar wanduna.

''Shekaru 600, wando ya zama alamar maharba daga ƙasashen ƙetare musamman ga ƴan Scythian da yan Farisa da kuma Amazon'' kamar yadda Adrienne.

Masana tarihi sun bayyana yadda ake samun zanen hotunan Mata Mayaƙa a jikin kayan tarihi ''sanye da rawani da wanduna irin na Maza a Ƙabilar Scythian," kamar yadda aka nuna a wannan hoton.

Akwai yiwuwar mutanen Fasha sun bayar da gudummawa wajen wanzuwar riguna.

2) Ƴancin ɗan'Adam

Yayin wani babban taron Hukumar UNESCO a watan Satumba, an gabatar da wani tsari don karfafa wani tsari na sama da shekaru 2,500

Tsarin wanda aka fi sani da Cyprus Cylinder, wani dunƙulallen taɓo ne da aka rubuta dokokin Sarkin Fasha a jiki '' masana da dama sun ɗauki rubutun a matsayin shaidar dokar ƴancin ɗan'adam Ta farko''.

Sarkin lokacin ya saki bayin da aka kama tare barinsu su koma garuruwansu.

Bugu da ƙari ya girmama al'adu da addinan ƙabilu da dama.

Neil MacGregor, tsohon darekta a cibiyar adana kayan tarihin Birtaniya, ya bayyana a wani taro yadda Cyprus ta shiga Babylon ba tare da yaƙi ba shekaru 2,600 da suka gabata "lokaci mai muhimmanci a tarihin Yahudawa".

Yahudawa sun samu damar komawa birnin Kudus bisa gudummawar Sarkin Farisa.

3) Lambun hutawa

"Gidaje da dama da ke lambunan hutu a yanzu gudummawar Fasha ce" kamar yadda Jonny Thomson ya bayyana a littafin da ya rubuta na hanyoyi 5 da Fasha ta bai wa zamani gudummawa - wanda aka wallafa a mujallar Big Think.

Masanin ya nuna cewa duk da Masar da Babylon na maƙale furanni a lambu, Fasha ce ta fito da yadda ake yi wa gida kwalliya da lambu.

Waɗannan wurare ne da aka yi tanadin su don al'umma gaba ɗaya su huta.

"Lambun Fasha" na cikin jadawalin kayan tarihin Hukumar UNESCO.

Girka ta aro kalmar pairidaēza daga Iran wadda ke nufin lambun Sarki.

4) Saƙon gidan waya

Thomson ya tuna cewa, duk da al'ummar Masar da Siriya na da hanyar aikawa da saƙonni - Ƴan Farisa ne suka samar wa duniya hanyar aika wasiƙa ta hanyar amfani da ofisoshin saƙon gidan waya a hukumance.

An yi haka ne lokacin mulkin Sarki Darius wanda ya hau mulki a shekara ta 521 miladiyya.

Malaman jami'a sun ce ƴan aike na yin doguwar tafiya kan dawakai, kafin su isa inda za su kai saƙo sannan su huta.

Washegari, sai su sake hawa dowakansu bayan sun karya daga nan su ci gaba da tafiya.

Hanya ce da ta fi sauki, sauri da kuma kariya wajen kai sakonni a wancan lokaci.

Farfesa Cutilas ya bayyana yadda Masarautar Fasha ta yaɗu har nahiyoyi uku.

Sun samar da hanyar ce domin sadarwa a tsakaninsu - kuma har yau ana ci gaba da amfani da ita.

5) Darduma

A shekara ta 1929 masu tono kayan tarihi sun gano wani abun mamaki.

Sun tono wasu gawawwaki a Siberia tare da wasu kayan tarihi da suka kai shekaru 2,500.

''Daga cikin kayan da aka gano a Pasirik abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne wata darduma da aka yi amfani da wata irin fasaha ta musamman wajen nuna dawaki suna kiwo da barewa da furanni kamar yadda Mariya Zavitukhina ta wallafa.

"Dardumar wadda ita ce mafi tsufa a duniya ta bayyana irin martaba da darajar da masu saƙa a Iran suke da ita.

6) Bincike kan magunguna

A shekara ta 1913 William Osler wanda aka bayyana a matsayin Uba a fannin magungunan zamani, ya gabatar da lakca a jami'ar Yale mai taken ''Amfani da magungunan zamani''

Likitan na Kanada cikin jawabinnsa ya taɓo tarihin Ibn Sina wanda aka fi sani da Avicenna da turancin Ingilishi.

An haifi Avicenna a shekara ta 980 - ya yi amfani da ilimi da fasahar Girka da Romawa da Indiya da Fasha da kuma hanyoyin magani na Addinin Islama wajen haɗa magungunansa.

An yi amfani da bincikensa a makarantun horas da likitoci a Turai har tsakiyar ƙarni na 17 - Jami'ar Padua ma ta yi amfani da ayyukansa har shekara ta 1715.

7) Lissafi

Wataƙila kun taɓa jin Al-Khwarizmi wanda ake bayyanawa a matsayin Uban Lissafi.

Ta hanyar wani aikin da wasu masana lissafi ƴan asalin Fasha suka yi ne, ƙasashen Turai suka gano tsarin lissafin Larabci da suka ƙunshi ɗigo da waƙafi da muke amfani da su a yau.

An haifi Al-Khwarizmi a shekara ta 780 - ya yi ƙaura daga Fasha zuwa Baghdaza.

A nan ne ya shugabanci gidan hikima, wata makaranta da aka ƙirƙira a lokacin daular Musulunci.

Wani ƙarin masanin lissafi a lokacin shi ne Omar Khayyam wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 1048 a Nishapur wata cibiyar masu ilimi a Iran.

8) Alayyahu

An fara noma alayyahu a daular Farisa shekaru fiye da 2,000 kafin ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan duniya.

An yi imanin cewa ƴan China na amfani da alayyahun tun a ƙarni na 6 sannan kuma a ƙarni na 11 Larabawa suka shigar da shi ga al'ummar Sipaniya kamar yadda jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison ta ce.

"A ƙarni na 14 alayyahu ya bazu a nahiyar Turai inda kuma turawan mulkin mallaka suka shigar da shi zuwa Amurka."

Kalmar alayyahu ta Turanci wato "Spinach" ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Larabci ta "Isbanah" ko kuma "Isfanah" wanda ita kuma ta samo asali daga kalmar Farsi ta "Espenah".

Saboda haka a duk lokacin da kake shirya wani abinci mai ɗauke da alayyahu to ka da ka manta cewa ganyen ya samo asali ne daga daular Farisa da a yau ake kira Iran.