Understanding social and gender norms shaping electoral participation in Tanzania

Following the 2025 general election in Tanzania, BBC Media Action carried out research to understand how social and gender norms affect the participation of young people and women in the political process.

While more women and young people are getting involved, they continue to face challenges such as patriarchal attitudes, limited financial support and gender-based violence, which make it harder for them to take on leadership roles. Though more women are running as parliamentary candidates, they are often expected to play supportive roles in campaigns, rather than take part in decision-making. When it comes to young people, many engage in political activities for financial reasons, while others turn to social media to express their views and concerns.

The study used methods such as diary entries, media monitoring and social listening across different regions of Tanzania. It found that social media often reflects and strengthens existing social attitudes, where women candidates face more criticism and online abuse. At the same time, a lack of money and corruption within political systems make it difficult for women and young people to progress.

Our research findings show the need for continued communication efforts to challenge harmful beliefs, support equal opportunities and encourage positive use of digital platforms. Creating safe spaces for discussion and providing stronger support can help women and young people take a more active role in the political process.

Download the report to read the full findings of this study.