The people’s health, c.1250 to the present day

The thematic study of the people’s health, c.1250 to the present covers almost 1,000 years. Understanding what is meant by public health, the period's chronology, and some key themes is essential to understanding patterns of change and continuity.

The people’s health in medieval Britain was affected by where they lived, and limited by what they knew and believed. The Black Death devastated Britain in 1348. However, some improvements in health were made during this period.

Britain underwent big changes in the early modern period but many problems from the medieval period remained, such as poor sanitation and plague. Governments tried to develop solutions, but these were limited.

Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation meant that living conditions and sanitation got worse in Britain’s towns and cities. However, by 1900, the growth of democracy and scientific developments had led to improvements.

Further social and scientific changes after 1900 led to improvements in the people’s health. Governments took more responsibility for improving public health. However, new problems arose, such as the HIV and AIDS epidemic and smoking-related issues.

Since c.1250, Britain has experienced significant changes in public health. Living conditions, responses to epidemics, and the role of the authorities in public health have all changed. Reasons for change or continuity can be explored.